Chinese immigration

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Chinese Immigration

It is the idea that the process of urbanizing the Pacific Northwest was a slow and steady process. Solitary pioneers settled into an area, followed by a larger number of farmers, preachers and businessmen. As time progressed this network of people eventually grew from a small town into an urban city. Some historians are finding that this was not always the case; in some cases it is the city that precedes the settlers.

The Chinese immigrants quickly became an integral part of the workforce, being a source of reliable and yet inexpensive labor. Among the many significant contributions to the American economy incorporated the construction and completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad.

Unfortunately, as the economy underwent a recession, a job shortage occurred. The availability of Chinese workers was perceived as a threat and was unwelcomed. The growth of anti-immigrant sentiments resulted in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 188, which resulted in subsequent legislation limiting immigration from Asia.Help with essay on Chinese immigration

The Chinese immigrants came to Angel Island, which lies in the western part of San Francisco Bay and a few miles beyond the Golden Gate Bridge. Since the mid-1800s, many Asians were determined to seek better lives and economic opportunities in America. California was known as Gum San, or Gold Mountain.

At the Northeastern corner of Angel Island, barracks were set up to operate as an immigration station in 110.

One of the main functions of this station was to process hundreds of thousands of people seeking to immigrate to the United States from Asia.

The events administered at the immigration station were designed to enforce the exclusionary immigration laws enacted by Congress.

The experiences, which Asian immigrants had endured while being processed and "detained" at the immigration station, were of fear, humiliation, and sorrow. Immigrants were confined for a period from two weeks to as long as two years. Family members were separated from each other, and part of the process consisted of intense interrogation by officers.

The long wait for decisions caused most detainees tremendous grief and despair, in fact, many took their lives rather than face the humiliation of deportation.

Of all the immigrants having to suffer the Angel Island experience, the biggest group was the Chinese with approximately 175,000 people. Numbers of immigrants from Japan were a close second at over 100,000. The immigration station on Angel Island ceased to operate in 140 as the administration building was shut down because of a fire. The Chinese Exclusion Act was eventually repealed in 14.

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Measurement of Molecular Excitation Spectra by Laser Raman Effect

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Measurement of Molecular Excitation Spectra

by Laser Raman Effect

ABSTRACT

The phenomenon known as the Raman effect allows us to probe the energy levels intrinsic to a given molecule, giving us knowledge about its rotational and vibrational energies. By illuminating a transparent sample, either liquid, gas, or crystal, with an intense source of light, (preferably monochromatic or at least with sufficiently well- known and distinct spectral lines), inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation can be measured perpendicular to the beam line to obtain a spectrum which yields information about the energy levels of the molecule being studied.

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I. INTRODUCTION

In 11, with the foundations of quantum mechanics just being laid, Prof. C. V. Raman began a series of experiments to observe the scattering of light by transparent media. Although such studies were certainly not new as scientists and laymen alike had been studying transparent scattering for centuries (most notable among these researchers were perhaps Sir Isaac Newton and Christiaan Huygens), the depth and breadth of his research led Prof. Raman to observe a very weak secondary radiation scattered from transparent liquids, where the wavelengths were different from those already known. What is perhaps most remarkable about this observation is that it was made with sunlight as the illuminating source.

At a meeting of the South Indian Science Association at Bangalore on March 16, 18, Raman made the first public announcement of the phenomenon, showing his spectrum of carbon tetrachloride [1]. He showed that the frequency shifts, the relative intensities, and the state of polarization, among other features of the new spectral lines were independent of the exciting radiation. Thus, this new scattering method of investigation, which in many ways complemented infrared spectroscopy, revealed an amazingly easy and convenient way of mapping the vibrational and rotational spectra of chemical compounds. In the same year, P. Pringsheim [] labeled this new scattering phenomenon the Raman effect and therefore the spectrum of new lines, the Raman spectrum. A more detailed account of the historical background and subsequent applications of Raman spectroscopy can be found in the text by Anderson [].

In the results to follow, it will be our goal to successfully use the technique of Raman spectroscopy to measure the excitation spectra of several chemicals, most notably carbon tetrachloride CCl4, dichloromethane CHCl, and chloroform CHCl. In this paper we will examine the theory behind the Raman effect, discuss the experimental procedure for measuring spectra of the liquids in question, present our findings and analyses of the respective spectra, and draw the relevant conclusions.

II. THEORY OF THE RAMAN EFFECT

In its simplest description, the Raman effect is the result of a double photon transition involving three energy levels (i.e. stationary states of the time-independent Schrödinger equation). An incident photon from a preferably monochromatic source is absorbed by the material, causing the molecule to transition from its initial state (a) into an excited, intermediate state, often labeled the virtual level. The molecule then transitions into another state (b), emitting a photon. The energy shift of the emitted photon relative to the incident radiation tells us the energy difference between states (a) and (b), as indicated in Fig. 1. The spectral lines corresponding to a loss in energy of the photon are referred to as Stokes lines (as Fig. 1 depicts); those lines corresponding to a gain in energy are referred to as anti-Stokes lines, the terminology being lent from florescence.

In order to identify which vibrational or rotational mode is responsible for producing a given Raman line, it is necessary to consider not only this frequency shift, but also the state of the polarization of the Raman line (which depends upon the symmetry of a particular vibration) and the appearance or absence of the line in infrared absorption spectra. For the materials which we will study in our experiment, these properties are well documented, and we will use them to verify the accuracy and precision of our methods.

As briefly mentioned above, polarization plays a significant role in the Raman effect. Essentially all light scattering is based on the fact that incident radiation of a given frequency 9 induces an oscillating dipole moment in the material in question. Generically, we can say

(1)

where is a second-rank tensor that represents the polarizability of the molecule and is the electric field vector of the incident radiation. If the atoms execute periodic motion, is given by , where is the polarizability in the equilibrium configuration, is the maximum change of polarizability when the atoms vibrate, and 91 is the frequency of the atomic oscillation. This gives us

()

From Eq. () we can quickly see that we would expect the induced dipole moment then to radiate at three different frequencies, first 9, corresponding to the Rayleigh scattering line, and also (9 + 9 1) and (9 - 9 1) corresponding to the Raman anti-Stokes line and Stokes line, respectively. In short, it is the polarizability of the static molecule itself which leads to Rayleigh (elastic) scattering while the changes in polarizability during molecular motions are responsible for Raman (inelastic) scattering. For an example of a typical Raman spectra, illustrating the characteristic frequencies (usually between 100 and 000 cm-1), we refer the reader to a spectra of carbon tetrachloride collected by [4] in Fig. .

If a vibration of the atoms of a molecule introduces a corresponding periodic change in its polarizability, the scattered radiation will contain the sum and difference of the incident frequency and the molecular vibration frequency. This is what is known as the vibrational Raman effect. The intensity of any vibrational Raman line is determined by the magnitude of the displacement belonging to the corresponding normal vibration.

Thus, if we are armed with a detection scheme capable of measuring subtle shifts in the frequencies of scattered radiation, as well as a method of measuring the polarization of the scattered radiation (as well as incident), then we will be able to glean some detailed information about the inner structure and allowed vibrational modes of the molecule under study.

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Generically, any light source can be used to study the Raman effect. Raman himself used sunlight before switching to the more intense mercury arc lamp. For our purpose, we will use an Ar-ion laser, with the obvious benefits of having a narrow band width of the incident spectral line, a well-defined polarization, and distinct and very well-known frequencies. Our setup consists of the Ar-ion laser (with a wavelength of 488nm) and a power output of 100 mW), simple reflecting optics for directing the beam, a sample and sample holder, a condensing lens to focus the scattered light onto the spectrometer (a Spex Industries double monochromator), a photomultiplier tube (PMT) with Peltier cooler, and finally a computer for data analysis. A schematic of this setup can be found in Fig. .

Although the procedure for measuring Raman spectra is fairly straightforward, like any scientific endeavor worth undertaking, extreme care must be taken in order to achieve meaningful results. In accordance with this caveat, the monochromator should be considered the most crucial part of the entire experiment. Internally, it consists of directional optics to reflect and focus incident radiation onto two diffraction gratings in series. A motor drive with an external variable speed control turns the gratings, thereby scanning through different wavelengths which are selected by the gratings and then focused on an exit slit. A PMT is connected to the exit slit of the monochromator, and is in turn connected to a PC for data acquisition.

So, before the experiment can begin in earnest, we must first ensure accurate calibration of the monochromator. To do this we use incident light of known frequencies to match the wavelength-counter reading on the monochromator to specific wavelengths. This can easily be performed with a mercury arc lamp (or any other light source for which a detailed description of emission lines exists). Used in combination with a HeNe laser as a fixed reference point, one can obtain a plot of known wavelength vs. counter reading, whereby the equation of a linear least-squares fit will provide an accurate method of determining the actual wavelength for any measured counter reading.

With calibration complete, the sample (either carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichloromethane) is placed in a cylindrical, transparent container which is wrapped with foil to eliminate further scattering, and then placed in the sample holder in alignment with the incident laser beam. Perpendicular to the incident beam, a condensing lens is used to focus scattered light onto the entrance slit of the monochromator. This scattered light contains a very intense peak corresponding to the Rayleigh scattering, and much fainter spectral lines to either side of the intense peak. The drive on the monochromator can be operated at variable speeds, and quick sweeps are made in order to find the Rayleigh peak. Once this has been accomplished, slow and careful sweeps in only the region of interest are made, with the knowledge that those peaks with lower frequency than the Rayleigh line (Stokes) will have greater intensity than the peaks with higher frequency (anti-Stokes). REFERENCES

[1] C.V. Raman and K.S. Krishnan, Indian J. Phys., , 87, (18).

[] P. Pringsheim, Die Naturwiss, 16, 567, (18).

[] A. Anderson, The Raman Effect, (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 171).

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A Solitary Blue

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In the book A Solitary Blue the author showed great difference and similarity among Jeff and The Professor. The similarity is demonstrated in the novel in many different ways. Jeff and The Professor are both unemotional because Jeff is afraid his father might leave him too, and The Professor is too busy in his work. Melody leaves Jeffs life when he is 7 years-old. She only leaves a note for them to read. The Professor hires people to cook for them and take care of the house. During the summer, Melody returns to Jeffs life. He spends the summer with her and at first he doesnt want to open up because hes afraid she might hurt him again. But her love and kindness makes Jeff trust her again. But the next summer she is not there for him. It leaves Jeff stranded and depressed. He can only find peace when he spends the night on the beach. He makes a tower room inside his head, it is the only place he can get awa from life. In the book A Solitary Blue the author showed great difference and similarity among Jeff and The Professor. The similarity is demonstrated in the novel in many different ways. Jeff and The Professor are both unemotional because Jeff is afraid his father might leave him too, and The Professor is too busy in his work. Melody leaves Jeffs life when he is 7 years-old. She only leaves a note for them to read. The Professor hires people to cook for them and take care of the house. During the summer, Melody returns to Jeffs life. He spends the summer with her and at first he doesnt want to open up because hes afraid she might hurt him again. But her love and kindness makes Jeff trust her again. But the next summer she is not there for him. It leaves Jeff stranded and depressed. He can only find peace when he spends the night on the beach. He makes a tower room inside his head, it is the only place he can get awa from life. In the book A Solitary Blue the author showed great difference and similarity among Jeff and The Professor. The similarity is demonstrated in the novel in many different ways. Jeff and The Professor are both unemotional because Jeff is afraid his father might leave him too, and The Professor is too busy in his work. Melody leaves Jeffs life when he is 7 years-old. She only leaves a note for them to read. The Professor hires people to cook for them and take care of the house. During the summer, Melody returns to Jeffs life. He spends the summer with her and at first he doesnt want to open up because hes afraid she might hurt him again. But her love and kindness makes Jeff trust her again. But the next summer she is not there for him. It leaves Jeff stranded and depressed. He can only find peace when he spends the night on the beach. He makes a tower room inside his head, it is the only place he can get awa from life.

Please note that this sample paper on A Solitary Blue is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A Solitary Blue, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on A Solitary Blue will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Need to Belong in "The Metamorphosis"

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Franz Kafkas story The Metamorphosis is a thought-provoking story of a young man and his family and their trials and tribulations. Although many perspectives can be applied to this story such as Marxism, one relationship I would like to explore is Gregors struggle to belong and the resulting tragedy. Gregors struggle can be understood from the humanistic perspective of psychology. According to Abraham Maslow, people have many needs that must be fulfilled in order to become self-actualized which is the need to fulfill ones potential (Weiten 80). One of these needs is the need for love and belonging (Weiten 81) and it is this need that Kafka writes about in The Metamorphosis.

The main character, Gregor Samsa, is a hard working young man just trying to put food on the table and support his family because of his […] parents debts to [the chief], who is his boss (Kafka 76). He is just like everyone else; he hates his job. The work is very stressful on him. He finds his job exhausting and irritating (Kafka 75). He is as human as anyone, which means that he was constantly changing. Not very much, but a little each day, the same way everyone changes a little as they progress through life. His life takes a turn for the worse when he wakes up one morning for work only to find that he has turned into an insect. Even that did not stop Gregor from wanting to carry out his duties as a son and an employee. When his boss arrives at Gregors home to find out what has happened to him, Gregor maintains that he is still perfectly willing to work and asks that the chief provide Gregor with an opportunity to prove this (Kafka 8-4).

Gregor is depicted as having human qualities despite the fact that he is an insect. In Gregors mind, he is still Gregor regardless of what he looks like. While he is aware of his physical changes, Gregor has essentially not changed. Gregor ruminates on banal things such as catching the train on time and whether or not his alarm went off (Kafka 76). Gregor speaks English […] doing his best to make his voice sound as normal as possible by enunciating the words very clearly and leaving long pauses between them (Kafka 77). However, his ability to communicate due to […] the lack of all direct human speech […] (Kafka 5) fails and his family can no longer understand him. It is the lack of understanding that has the most effect on Gregor. It separates him even more from his family. The new Gregor was so unfathomable that his family could not deal with it and shut him away. His father pushes him into a room and [t]he door was slammed behind him… (Kafka 86).

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It is the familys unwillingness to accept Gregor that widens the chasm between them. Even in his condition, Gregor hopes […] that by exercising patience and the utmost consideration [he can] help the family to bear the inconvenience he was bound to cause them in his present condition (Kafka 88). Despite what Gregor himself is enduring, his thoughts are selflessly with his family and their consternation. He is worried about their finances because of the role he plays as a breadwinner. At that time Gregors sole desire was to do his utmost to help the family to forget as soon as possible the catastrophe which had befallen the business [….] (Kafka 0-1). He remembers with regret his sisters lost opportunity to go to the Conservatorium to study music (Kafka 1). While Gregor is despairing for his family instead of himself, his familys thoughts are not on him at all. They are thinking of themselves and how to make their money last (Kafka -). Gregor just wants to resume his place in the family and they seem to care less about trying to resolve his condition. Out of sight, out of mind appears to be the way his family is reacting to him.

After the metamorphosis, the respect his family treats him with fades. This can be seen in the slow process of removing things from his room. By taking his furniture and other things from his room, they are making him less human and confirming his belief that they no longer care. It matters not to Gregor that at first the intentions of his sister and mother were good, he eventually resents them for taking away the things that meant so much to him. Kafka writes, [d]id he really want his warm room …turned into a naked den…at the price of shedding simultaneously all recollection of his human background? (Kafka 5) He then decides to rescue (Kafka 6) some of his belongings that give him so much comfort. This is Gregors method of stating that he is in fact still Gregor and deserves to be treated as such. For his family, it was easier to ignore any human qualities that may still have existed in Gregor in order to justify their treatment of him. It is their fear and their inability to see Gregor as he really is and their inability to accept him for what he is, that ultimately destroys Gregor.

The most pivotal point in the story comes when Gregor follows his sister out of his room when she and her mother are cleaning it. He gets shut out of his room and when his father arrives, his father immediately sets about to hurt Gregor […] his father was determined to bombard him with apples (Kafka ). It is an ironic twist that apples thrown by his father, then assault Gregor who should be the apple of his fathers eye for being the saviour of the family. The apple festers in Gregors back, and ultimately leads to his demise. Whether the irony was intentional by Kafka of not, I thought it was an interesting choice of objects. It is at this point that Gregor ceases to be human, at least to his father.

His status with his other family members too changes for the worse. His sister, who until this time had been his staunchest ally and caregiver, begins to neglect Gregor. [She] no longer took thought to bring what might especially please him and […] hurriedly pushed into his room with her foot any food that was available […] (Kafka 401). His family took to storing […] in his room things [that] there was no room for elsewhere […] such as furnishings, the ash-can and the kitchen garbage can (Kafka 40). It is as if they had already relegated him to the trash heap. The familys regard for the lodgers aversion to filth and disorder is more important to them than Gregors feelings on the same subject.

Gregor suffers immensely because he feels that he has to be something he is not in order to be accepted again. The only time he felt good about himself was when he was working for the chief to take care of his family and now that he is unable to do so, […] he [feels] so hot with shame and grief ( Kafka ). Kafka shows the reader how important being accepted is to Gregor when he explains that Gregor is comforted by the fact that Gregor […] felt himself drawn once more into the human circle […] (8). This need for acceptance and belonging is recognized as a fundamental need of all humans who are social creatures. According to Baumeister and Leary, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds and the lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Gregor is haunted by the hope that he will recover and resume his place in the family (Kafka 401).

The evening his sister plays violin for the lodgers is when the reader gets a glimpse of how devastating the isolation has been for Gregor. He felt hardly any surprise at his growing lack of consideration for the others… (Kafka 405), he had to let his sister know that […] no one here appreciated her playing as he would appreciate it (Kafka 405). The music stirred something in Gregor that he could not resist; [h]e felt as if the way were opening before him to the unknown nourishment he craved (Kafka 405). Unfortunately for Gregor, he was caught and that hardened his sisters heart against him. We must try to get rid of it (Kafka 407) […] I cant stand it any longer (Kafka 407) she tells her parents. She refers to him as a creature( Kafka 408) and states that if he were really […] Gregor, he would have realized that human beings cant live with such a creature, and hed have gone away on his own accord (Kafka 408). When Gregor returns to his room after hearing the conversation, it is his sister who locks him for the last time (Kafka 408-). Gregor decides to save his family one last time and dies. This final act is the only way he can show his sister that he is still Gregor and he does […] [go] away of his own accord (Kafka 408). At the end, it is Gregors need to belong that ultimately frees his family from the human responsibilities of love and compassion.

Some people are regarded as inferior by other people simply because they look different. It is important to understand that this whole identification is subjective and depends on the point of view. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor turns into an insect. It is interesting that Kafka chose an insect as a creature to turn Gregor into. Generally insects are loathed and considered to be a lower form of creature in the Great Chain of Being. Humans do not like insects because insects have no human qualities that humans can relate to. We do not think of insects as equal to humans. This is a quality associated more with mammals. We are afraid of insects and hate them because they are different. Gregor, because of his being an insect, is loathed despite the fact that he is still fundamentally Gregor. It is because of the human instinct to bond with others of our species that Gregor in the end dies. He is still human enough to recognize what would happen to himself and selfless enough to spare his family the burden of his existence.

Works Cited

Baumeister, R.F. and M.R. Leary (15). The Need to Belong Desire for

Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation.

Psychological Bulletin 117 () , 47-5.

Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. The Writers Path An Introduction

to Short Fiction. Rooke and Rooke Eds. Scarborough, ON ITP Nelson,

18. 74-41.

Weiten, Wayne. Psychology Themes and Variations. rd. ed. Pacific Grove CA

Brooks/ Cole, 15.

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Will Sri Lanka's Rubber Industry Bounce Back ?

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Will Sri Lanka's rubber industry bounce back?

By Ananda S Wijayarathne

An improvement in prices has been responsible for an increase in rubber production last year and the first seven months of this year. This has resuscitated new hopes of a revival of rubber production and the development of a viable and productive rubber industry. Whether this is possible in view of a secular decline in rubber production for over three decades, is an interesting question.

Increase in production ; In 00 rubber production recorded a modest increase of 5 million kilograms after years of declining production. Last years increase in rubber production of 5. per cent is a comparison with the previous years production that was the lowest ever. This increasing trend of last year has continued into the first seven months of this year, when rubber production increased by . per cent to 5.8 metric tons. It is likely that rubber production this year could be around 5 million metric tons. This would be about a 10 per cent increase from that of 000.

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Prices; The recent increase in production has been owing to an improvement in rubber prices from April last year. Several factors account for the improvement in prices. The price of synthetic rubber has increased perhaps due to a rise in petroleum prices. The major rubber producing countries of Asia have come to an agreement to curtail rubber production by 4 per cent, while the demand for natural rubber from China has increased. These factors are likely to exert an upward pressure on prices, a welcome change from the crash in rubber prices with the Asian economic crisis in 17.

Last year rubber prices increased by about 5 per cent in rupee terms. Latex crepe prices doubled between December 001 and December 00. Since 17 rubber prices declined to levels that were lower than the cost of production. This curtailed rubber tapping till there was an upturn in prices. Currently it is contended that rubber is the most profitable plantation crop. If prices continue to rise the profitability of rubber is assured.

Secular Decline ; Despite the improvement in prices, the expectation of the rubber industry attaining the heights it once held is most unlikely owing to the decline of the industry in the past four decades. Some of the declining trends cannot be reversed. As far back as in 160 rubber production reached a peak production of 160 million kilograms. Since then it declined and in 000 rubber production was only 87 million kilograms. In 000 the countrys rubber production was only 54 per cent of that 40 years ago. Rubber production in 000 was 1 per cent less than six years ago in 15. In 001 rubber production decreased by a further 1.8 per cent to reach the lowest production ever of 86 million kilograms.

This performance in Rubber production has indeed been very disappointing. It would be difficult to reverse the factors accounting for this decline even with a remunerative price. Many factors account for this. The declining prices for rubber, especially the shock of the Asian crisis in 16 dealt a severe blow to an industry plagued with a number of problems.

The industry has hardly recovered from this set back. Meanwhile rubber lands are being converted to urban and industrial uses that are more lucrative. The area under rubber production has declined from about 00 thousand hectares in 10 to 157 thousand hectares in 000. The area under rubber cultivation was the same even in 00.but the area under tapping had reduced from 1,000 hectares in 001 to 15,000 hectares last year. This trend may gain momentum as the pace of urbanization and industrialization gathers momentum.

If this trend of a reduction in extent under rubber continues there would be inadequate domestic rubber for local rubber goods manufacture. This is especially unfortunate, as the trend has been for a greater use of domestic rubber for local rubber goods manufacture. It would indeed be a sad day if our rubber manufacturing industries were unable to source the raw material from within the country.

Future ; The replanting of rubber and inter-cropping of smallholdings rubber with other crops would require to be explored. The latter would ensure greater resilience in the face of fluctuating international prices that has characterised the rubber industry for a long time. There is a need to expand the area under higher yielding rubber clones to achieve much higher rubber yields than at present. In fact Sri Lankas rubber yield is about the lowest.

In view of rubber-based industries in the country expanding production, a new perspective on the future of rubber is needed. There is every rationale for increasing rubber production owing to this ready market for over 60 per cent of current rubber production. An expansion in the area under cultivation and improved varieties of rubber being planted would be needed.

Please note that this sample paper on Will Sri Lanka's Rubber Industry Bounce Back ? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Will Sri Lanka's Rubber Industry Bounce Back ?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Will Sri Lanka's Rubber Industry Bounce Back ? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Blackwell county in response to the book

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Blackwell County

Society in Blackwell County is built upon political connections and family routes. Chances are that if you were born into a poor family in the mountains, you will have no chance of elevating yourself to a higher social class. There was not one rags to riches story throughout the essay. The county is run by the minority of wealthy that live there. Each side (the wealthy and the poor) seemed to have misconceptions about what they believed the other was like.

A common theme throughout seemed to be that the rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming more abundant. Communication is severely lacking between the two groups, which is why they exist independently of each other. The people who live in the mountains have a corrupt and unsuccessful school system where dropping out by high school is commonplace. The other sector that sends their children to the prestigious city school have an abnormal amount of students that continue onto college. Most of the time these children return to Blackwell County where they occupy high paying jobs.

The two most prominent men in the community, Creed Parker and Joey Scott, seem to have a monopoly on the entire county. If they do not own something, then they have the power to influence decisions. People are afraid of being blackballed so they try their best to appease Parker and Scott. Though Parker and Scott employ thousands, they do not pay well. Scott admits to hiring his employees based on who he knows and the age of the employer. He claims that he hires well to do high school kids because they are going somewhere in life; he readily admits that he doesn't have much respect for a person who accepts being a grocery bagger their whole life.

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Many of the poor in the county are illiterate and not skilled. Most accept the fact that they cannot move up in society and they happily collect their welfare checks. There are some however, who want to get a job but either cannot find steady work or don't earn enough to pay the bills. This is a direct result of politics in the community and the continual class segregation that will undoubtedly persist for years to come. There will be no positive resolution until the upper class is willing to accept the lower class into society by helping to build a better education system reinforced by social programs willing to integrate them into the working class. Until then, there will be no avenues to upward social mobility in Blackwell County.

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Analytical essay - MacBeth film comparison

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Deemed as one of Shakespeare's most tragic plays, 'MacBeth' ventures deep within the dark side of human nature. What makes Shakespeare's plays successful is that the themes behind them are still relevant in today's society. Two directors, Polanski and Freestone, have tried to recapture the story of MacBeth through the use of film. A comparison between the two separate versions can be found in scenes such the 'killing of King Duncan' scene. While Polanski has decided to truly reflect human nature, Freestone wanted to recapture the general storyline without too much manipulation of the text, but creative visuals. This comparison reflects the director's interpretation of the play, and their view behind the theme of the play.

A more political approach was used in Polanski's version of the play. This is highlighted by King Duncan's crown, which he wore in his sleep. When MacBeth first struck Duncan, a cut away of the crown falling to the ground was used. Not until the death of Duncan did the crown stop spinning. This symbolises the political decline of King Duncan, and the royal beginning for MacBeth. The impression of MacBeth's motives in Polanski's version is that he was only killing Duncan for Political reasons. Polanski has deliberately intended this to add an 'only business' attitude to the scene, maintaining realism and human nature. Freestone intentions to recreate the general storyline were clear as he uses religion as opposed to politics. As religion was a big part of society back then, he shows Lady MacBeth wearing a cross, and more importantly, gives King Duncan a God like appearance.

It is extremely obvious that Polanski's film contains more gore than freestones film. When Polanski's MacBeth is striking Duncan with the dagger, the penetration of the dagger into Duncan's body is not discrete. More bloody violence is further emphasized with a close up of the dagger going through Duncan's neck and blood spurting all over MacBeth. The blood in Polanski's film is also more red and thick compared to Freestone's. Instead, Freestone conveys a more physiological violence with the aid of Lady MacBeth's red dress. Furthermore, when Lady MacBeth finishes off Duncan, she seems to have enjoyed killing him as she came out with an insane grin on her face. Perhaps Polanski has made his version gorier because his past experiences of World War Two influenced his view of reality.

The director's view of women is expressed fully by the nature and characterisation of Lady MacBeth. Where Polanski's view of Lady MacBeth is portrayed as being a guide to MacBeth, Freestone version of lady MacBeth is manipulative. Polanski's version of Lady MacBeth is more upset when she finds out MacBeth still has the daggers whereas Freestone's Lady MacBeth is angry and implies that MacBeth is useless. Polanski's view of women is neutral as he keeps the realism of females and how they were expected to act back in that era. Perhaps Freestone deliberately used Lady MacBeth as a manipulative tool and defied the ideology of women in that era because of his opinion of women today.

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Lighting has a significant effect in helping to reinforce the aim of both films. As Polanski wanted to integrate realism into his film, natural light such as the fading darkness was used to create a realistic version of Duncan's chamber at the crack of dawn. Freestone's use of lighting was more unrealistic with a distinct blue glow surrounding MacBeth as he opened Duncan's chamber door. Obviously freestone wished to fully emphasize the significance of the scene, as his only intention was to recreate the storyline effectively.

Although viewers may dislike Polanski's version of MacBeth after the murder, they still might empathize with him as he hesitates to kill him, and the fact he might not have killed him if Duncan would not have woken up. The impression is that MacBeth killed Duncan through fear and regrets doing it. Freestone's MacBeth walks straight in the chamber quickly and wounds Duncan in one angry blow with his dagger. Comparing both scenes, viewers will dislike Freestone's version of MacBeth more than Polanski's human nature driven MacBeth. Freestone probable sees the play as a violent tragedy whereas Polanski probably sees the play as a tragedy upon human nature.

It is consistently shown throughout the murder scene and the whole play that Polanski and Freestone's versions indeed reflect the director's own interpretation and views of society. It was found that Polanski's film was more of a Didactic version of MacBeth and Freestone's film was a one dimensional storyline emphasizing MacBeth's decent into evil. While Freestone's 'MacBeth' is an effective recreation of the original play, Polanski's 'MacBeth' seems to be more successful in upholding the main theme Shakespeare placed upon his play.

Please note that this sample paper on Analytical essay - MacBeth film comparison is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Analytical essay - MacBeth film comparison, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on Analytical essay - MacBeth film comparison will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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