The Need to Belong in "The Metamorphosis"

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Franz Kafkas story The Metamorphosis is a thought-provoking story of a young man and his family and their trials and tribulations. Although many perspectives can be applied to this story such as Marxism, one relationship I would like to explore is Gregors struggle to belong and the resulting tragedy. Gregors struggle can be understood from the humanistic perspective of psychology. According to Abraham Maslow, people have many needs that must be fulfilled in order to become self-actualized which is the need to fulfill ones potential (Weiten 80). One of these needs is the need for love and belonging (Weiten 81) and it is this need that Kafka writes about in The Metamorphosis.

The main character, Gregor Samsa, is a hard working young man just trying to put food on the table and support his family because of his […] parents debts to [the chief], who is his boss (Kafka 76). He is just like everyone else; he hates his job. The work is very stressful on him. He finds his job exhausting and irritating (Kafka 75). He is as human as anyone, which means that he was constantly changing. Not very much, but a little each day, the same way everyone changes a little as they progress through life. His life takes a turn for the worse when he wakes up one morning for work only to find that he has turned into an insect. Even that did not stop Gregor from wanting to carry out his duties as a son and an employee. When his boss arrives at Gregors home to find out what has happened to him, Gregor maintains that he is still perfectly willing to work and asks that the chief provide Gregor with an opportunity to prove this (Kafka 8-4).

Gregor is depicted as having human qualities despite the fact that he is an insect. In Gregors mind, he is still Gregor regardless of what he looks like. While he is aware of his physical changes, Gregor has essentially not changed. Gregor ruminates on banal things such as catching the train on time and whether or not his alarm went off (Kafka 76). Gregor speaks English […] doing his best to make his voice sound as normal as possible by enunciating the words very clearly and leaving long pauses between them (Kafka 77). However, his ability to communicate due to […] the lack of all direct human speech […] (Kafka 5) fails and his family can no longer understand him. It is the lack of understanding that has the most effect on Gregor. It separates him even more from his family. The new Gregor was so unfathomable that his family could not deal with it and shut him away. His father pushes him into a room and [t]he door was slammed behind him… (Kafka 86).

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It is the familys unwillingness to accept Gregor that widens the chasm between them. Even in his condition, Gregor hopes […] that by exercising patience and the utmost consideration [he can] help the family to bear the inconvenience he was bound to cause them in his present condition (Kafka 88). Despite what Gregor himself is enduring, his thoughts are selflessly with his family and their consternation. He is worried about their finances because of the role he plays as a breadwinner. At that time Gregors sole desire was to do his utmost to help the family to forget as soon as possible the catastrophe which had befallen the business [….] (Kafka 0-1). He remembers with regret his sisters lost opportunity to go to the Conservatorium to study music (Kafka 1). While Gregor is despairing for his family instead of himself, his familys thoughts are not on him at all. They are thinking of themselves and how to make their money last (Kafka -). Gregor just wants to resume his place in the family and they seem to care less about trying to resolve his condition. Out of sight, out of mind appears to be the way his family is reacting to him.

After the metamorphosis, the respect his family treats him with fades. This can be seen in the slow process of removing things from his room. By taking his furniture and other things from his room, they are making him less human and confirming his belief that they no longer care. It matters not to Gregor that at first the intentions of his sister and mother were good, he eventually resents them for taking away the things that meant so much to him. Kafka writes, [d]id he really want his warm room …turned into a naked den…at the price of shedding simultaneously all recollection of his human background? (Kafka 5) He then decides to rescue (Kafka 6) some of his belongings that give him so much comfort. This is Gregors method of stating that he is in fact still Gregor and deserves to be treated as such. For his family, it was easier to ignore any human qualities that may still have existed in Gregor in order to justify their treatment of him. It is their fear and their inability to see Gregor as he really is and their inability to accept him for what he is, that ultimately destroys Gregor.

The most pivotal point in the story comes when Gregor follows his sister out of his room when she and her mother are cleaning it. He gets shut out of his room and when his father arrives, his father immediately sets about to hurt Gregor […] his father was determined to bombard him with apples (Kafka ). It is an ironic twist that apples thrown by his father, then assault Gregor who should be the apple of his fathers eye for being the saviour of the family. The apple festers in Gregors back, and ultimately leads to his demise. Whether the irony was intentional by Kafka of not, I thought it was an interesting choice of objects. It is at this point that Gregor ceases to be human, at least to his father.

His status with his other family members too changes for the worse. His sister, who until this time had been his staunchest ally and caregiver, begins to neglect Gregor. [She] no longer took thought to bring what might especially please him and […] hurriedly pushed into his room with her foot any food that was available […] (Kafka 401). His family took to storing […] in his room things [that] there was no room for elsewhere […] such as furnishings, the ash-can and the kitchen garbage can (Kafka 40). It is as if they had already relegated him to the trash heap. The familys regard for the lodgers aversion to filth and disorder is more important to them than Gregors feelings on the same subject.

Gregor suffers immensely because he feels that he has to be something he is not in order to be accepted again. The only time he felt good about himself was when he was working for the chief to take care of his family and now that he is unable to do so, […] he [feels] so hot with shame and grief ( Kafka ). Kafka shows the reader how important being accepted is to Gregor when he explains that Gregor is comforted by the fact that Gregor […] felt himself drawn once more into the human circle […] (8). This need for acceptance and belonging is recognized as a fundamental need of all humans who are social creatures. According to Baumeister and Leary, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds and the lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Gregor is haunted by the hope that he will recover and resume his place in the family (Kafka 401).

The evening his sister plays violin for the lodgers is when the reader gets a glimpse of how devastating the isolation has been for Gregor. He felt hardly any surprise at his growing lack of consideration for the others… (Kafka 405), he had to let his sister know that […] no one here appreciated her playing as he would appreciate it (Kafka 405). The music stirred something in Gregor that he could not resist; [h]e felt as if the way were opening before him to the unknown nourishment he craved (Kafka 405). Unfortunately for Gregor, he was caught and that hardened his sisters heart against him. We must try to get rid of it (Kafka 407) […] I cant stand it any longer (Kafka 407) she tells her parents. She refers to him as a creature( Kafka 408) and states that if he were really […] Gregor, he would have realized that human beings cant live with such a creature, and hed have gone away on his own accord (Kafka 408). When Gregor returns to his room after hearing the conversation, it is his sister who locks him for the last time (Kafka 408-). Gregor decides to save his family one last time and dies. This final act is the only way he can show his sister that he is still Gregor and he does […] [go] away of his own accord (Kafka 408). At the end, it is Gregors need to belong that ultimately frees his family from the human responsibilities of love and compassion.

Some people are regarded as inferior by other people simply because they look different. It is important to understand that this whole identification is subjective and depends on the point of view. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor turns into an insect. It is interesting that Kafka chose an insect as a creature to turn Gregor into. Generally insects are loathed and considered to be a lower form of creature in the Great Chain of Being. Humans do not like insects because insects have no human qualities that humans can relate to. We do not think of insects as equal to humans. This is a quality associated more with mammals. We are afraid of insects and hate them because they are different. Gregor, because of his being an insect, is loathed despite the fact that he is still fundamentally Gregor. It is because of the human instinct to bond with others of our species that Gregor in the end dies. He is still human enough to recognize what would happen to himself and selfless enough to spare his family the burden of his existence.

Works Cited

Baumeister, R.F. and M.R. Leary (15). The Need to Belong Desire for

Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation.

Psychological Bulletin 117 () , 47-5.

Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. The Writers Path An Introduction

to Short Fiction. Rooke and Rooke Eds. Scarborough, ON ITP Nelson,

18. 74-41.

Weiten, Wayne. Psychology Themes and Variations. rd. ed. Pacific Grove CA

Brooks/ Cole, 15.

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Will Sri Lanka's Rubber Industry Bounce Back ?

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Will Sri Lanka's rubber industry bounce back?

By Ananda S Wijayarathne

An improvement in prices has been responsible for an increase in rubber production last year and the first seven months of this year. This has resuscitated new hopes of a revival of rubber production and the development of a viable and productive rubber industry. Whether this is possible in view of a secular decline in rubber production for over three decades, is an interesting question.

Increase in production ; In 00 rubber production recorded a modest increase of 5 million kilograms after years of declining production. Last years increase in rubber production of 5. per cent is a comparison with the previous years production that was the lowest ever. This increasing trend of last year has continued into the first seven months of this year, when rubber production increased by . per cent to 5.8 metric tons. It is likely that rubber production this year could be around 5 million metric tons. This would be about a 10 per cent increase from that of 000.

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Prices; The recent increase in production has been owing to an improvement in rubber prices from April last year. Several factors account for the improvement in prices. The price of synthetic rubber has increased perhaps due to a rise in petroleum prices. The major rubber producing countries of Asia have come to an agreement to curtail rubber production by 4 per cent, while the demand for natural rubber from China has increased. These factors are likely to exert an upward pressure on prices, a welcome change from the crash in rubber prices with the Asian economic crisis in 17.

Last year rubber prices increased by about 5 per cent in rupee terms. Latex crepe prices doubled between December 001 and December 00. Since 17 rubber prices declined to levels that were lower than the cost of production. This curtailed rubber tapping till there was an upturn in prices. Currently it is contended that rubber is the most profitable plantation crop. If prices continue to rise the profitability of rubber is assured.

Secular Decline ; Despite the improvement in prices, the expectation of the rubber industry attaining the heights it once held is most unlikely owing to the decline of the industry in the past four decades. Some of the declining trends cannot be reversed. As far back as in 160 rubber production reached a peak production of 160 million kilograms. Since then it declined and in 000 rubber production was only 87 million kilograms. In 000 the countrys rubber production was only 54 per cent of that 40 years ago. Rubber production in 000 was 1 per cent less than six years ago in 15. In 001 rubber production decreased by a further 1.8 per cent to reach the lowest production ever of 86 million kilograms.

This performance in Rubber production has indeed been very disappointing. It would be difficult to reverse the factors accounting for this decline even with a remunerative price. Many factors account for this. The declining prices for rubber, especially the shock of the Asian crisis in 16 dealt a severe blow to an industry plagued with a number of problems.

The industry has hardly recovered from this set back. Meanwhile rubber lands are being converted to urban and industrial uses that are more lucrative. The area under rubber production has declined from about 00 thousand hectares in 10 to 157 thousand hectares in 000. The area under rubber cultivation was the same even in 00.but the area under tapping had reduced from 1,000 hectares in 001 to 15,000 hectares last year. This trend may gain momentum as the pace of urbanization and industrialization gathers momentum.

If this trend of a reduction in extent under rubber continues there would be inadequate domestic rubber for local rubber goods manufacture. This is especially unfortunate, as the trend has been for a greater use of domestic rubber for local rubber goods manufacture. It would indeed be a sad day if our rubber manufacturing industries were unable to source the raw material from within the country.

Future ; The replanting of rubber and inter-cropping of smallholdings rubber with other crops would require to be explored. The latter would ensure greater resilience in the face of fluctuating international prices that has characterised the rubber industry for a long time. There is a need to expand the area under higher yielding rubber clones to achieve much higher rubber yields than at present. In fact Sri Lankas rubber yield is about the lowest.

In view of rubber-based industries in the country expanding production, a new perspective on the future of rubber is needed. There is every rationale for increasing rubber production owing to this ready market for over 60 per cent of current rubber production. An expansion in the area under cultivation and improved varieties of rubber being planted would be needed.

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Blackwell county in response to the book

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Blackwell County

Society in Blackwell County is built upon political connections and family routes. Chances are that if you were born into a poor family in the mountains, you will have no chance of elevating yourself to a higher social class. There was not one rags to riches story throughout the essay. The county is run by the minority of wealthy that live there. Each side (the wealthy and the poor) seemed to have misconceptions about what they believed the other was like.

A common theme throughout seemed to be that the rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming more abundant. Communication is severely lacking between the two groups, which is why they exist independently of each other. The people who live in the mountains have a corrupt and unsuccessful school system where dropping out by high school is commonplace. The other sector that sends their children to the prestigious city school have an abnormal amount of students that continue onto college. Most of the time these children return to Blackwell County where they occupy high paying jobs.

The two most prominent men in the community, Creed Parker and Joey Scott, seem to have a monopoly on the entire county. If they do not own something, then they have the power to influence decisions. People are afraid of being blackballed so they try their best to appease Parker and Scott. Though Parker and Scott employ thousands, they do not pay well. Scott admits to hiring his employees based on who he knows and the age of the employer. He claims that he hires well to do high school kids because they are going somewhere in life; he readily admits that he doesn't have much respect for a person who accepts being a grocery bagger their whole life.

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Many of the poor in the county are illiterate and not skilled. Most accept the fact that they cannot move up in society and they happily collect their welfare checks. There are some however, who want to get a job but either cannot find steady work or don't earn enough to pay the bills. This is a direct result of politics in the community and the continual class segregation that will undoubtedly persist for years to come. There will be no positive resolution until the upper class is willing to accept the lower class into society by helping to build a better education system reinforced by social programs willing to integrate them into the working class. Until then, there will be no avenues to upward social mobility in Blackwell County.

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Analytical essay - MacBeth film comparison

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Deemed as one of Shakespeare's most tragic plays, 'MacBeth' ventures deep within the dark side of human nature. What makes Shakespeare's plays successful is that the themes behind them are still relevant in today's society. Two directors, Polanski and Freestone, have tried to recapture the story of MacBeth through the use of film. A comparison between the two separate versions can be found in scenes such the 'killing of King Duncan' scene. While Polanski has decided to truly reflect human nature, Freestone wanted to recapture the general storyline without too much manipulation of the text, but creative visuals. This comparison reflects the director's interpretation of the play, and their view behind the theme of the play.

A more political approach was used in Polanski's version of the play. This is highlighted by King Duncan's crown, which he wore in his sleep. When MacBeth first struck Duncan, a cut away of the crown falling to the ground was used. Not until the death of Duncan did the crown stop spinning. This symbolises the political decline of King Duncan, and the royal beginning for MacBeth. The impression of MacBeth's motives in Polanski's version is that he was only killing Duncan for Political reasons. Polanski has deliberately intended this to add an 'only business' attitude to the scene, maintaining realism and human nature. Freestone intentions to recreate the general storyline were clear as he uses religion as opposed to politics. As religion was a big part of society back then, he shows Lady MacBeth wearing a cross, and more importantly, gives King Duncan a God like appearance.

It is extremely obvious that Polanski's film contains more gore than freestones film. When Polanski's MacBeth is striking Duncan with the dagger, the penetration of the dagger into Duncan's body is not discrete. More bloody violence is further emphasized with a close up of the dagger going through Duncan's neck and blood spurting all over MacBeth. The blood in Polanski's film is also more red and thick compared to Freestone's. Instead, Freestone conveys a more physiological violence with the aid of Lady MacBeth's red dress. Furthermore, when Lady MacBeth finishes off Duncan, she seems to have enjoyed killing him as she came out with an insane grin on her face. Perhaps Polanski has made his version gorier because his past experiences of World War Two influenced his view of reality.

The director's view of women is expressed fully by the nature and characterisation of Lady MacBeth. Where Polanski's view of Lady MacBeth is portrayed as being a guide to MacBeth, Freestone version of lady MacBeth is manipulative. Polanski's version of Lady MacBeth is more upset when she finds out MacBeth still has the daggers whereas Freestone's Lady MacBeth is angry and implies that MacBeth is useless. Polanski's view of women is neutral as he keeps the realism of females and how they were expected to act back in that era. Perhaps Freestone deliberately used Lady MacBeth as a manipulative tool and defied the ideology of women in that era because of his opinion of women today.

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Lighting has a significant effect in helping to reinforce the aim of both films. As Polanski wanted to integrate realism into his film, natural light such as the fading darkness was used to create a realistic version of Duncan's chamber at the crack of dawn. Freestone's use of lighting was more unrealistic with a distinct blue glow surrounding MacBeth as he opened Duncan's chamber door. Obviously freestone wished to fully emphasize the significance of the scene, as his only intention was to recreate the storyline effectively.

Although viewers may dislike Polanski's version of MacBeth after the murder, they still might empathize with him as he hesitates to kill him, and the fact he might not have killed him if Duncan would not have woken up. The impression is that MacBeth killed Duncan through fear and regrets doing it. Freestone's MacBeth walks straight in the chamber quickly and wounds Duncan in one angry blow with his dagger. Comparing both scenes, viewers will dislike Freestone's version of MacBeth more than Polanski's human nature driven MacBeth. Freestone probable sees the play as a violent tragedy whereas Polanski probably sees the play as a tragedy upon human nature.

It is consistently shown throughout the murder scene and the whole play that Polanski and Freestone's versions indeed reflect the director's own interpretation and views of society. It was found that Polanski's film was more of a Didactic version of MacBeth and Freestone's film was a one dimensional storyline emphasizing MacBeth's decent into evil. While Freestone's 'MacBeth' is an effective recreation of the original play, Polanski's 'MacBeth' seems to be more successful in upholding the main theme Shakespeare placed upon his play.

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3 Unit English HSC Postmodernism and perscribed Texts.

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1. How effectively does Possession by A.S Byatt reflect and/or challenge the dominant ways of thinking of the time in which it was composed?

The year 10 saw the publication of A.S Byatt's Possession-A Romance. Composed during a time where the dominant discourse in literature, academia, architecture and ideology was consumed by postmodernism. Byatt conscious of the movement has effectively created a text that incorporates post-modern elements, through the use of bricolage, pastiche and a strong sense of self-reflexivity in a fragmented plot with a hybrid of genres. As well as reflecting postmodernism, Byatt challenges the movement through constructing a 1th Century Victorian love story with a conclusive ending and linear storyline.

Postmodernism was a movement, perhaps reaching its pinnacle during the 180's and 0's by challenging 'traditionalist' conventions in religion, art, music and most notably literature. All were disregarded or challenged by a 'new' dominant way of thinking and interpreting. Byatt has successfully been able to incorporate postmodern ideals through a text that is highly self-reflective in its narrative.

The self-reflexivity used by Byatt is prominent throughout most of the novel, where the responder is forced to focus on his/her role within the text rather than a preconceived idea formulated by Byatt. Where parts of the text are 'missing' or open to interpretation, as a result of textual fragmentation, Byatt consciously and subtly self-reflects to portray her thoughts, through the characters of Maud and Roland.

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" Coherence and closure are deep human desires that are presently unfashionable." P 4. From this quote the responder is allowed an insight into the mind of Byatt, who is perhaps insinuating a 'romance' will not occur between the novels contemporary protagonists, as this would not correspond with the principles of postmodernism. "Where these thoughts original?" Where Maud and Roland become conscious of their role within the text, Byatt is subtly revealing her own postmodern convictions, whilst admitting to her inability to produce a piece of original text.

Therefore the logic behind Possession merely reflecting a Victorian romance, one where contemporary characters are forced to follow the steps of their predecessors as Byatt is also compelled to do.

The film Moulin Rouge directed by Baz Lurhmann also adopts self-reflective techniques by the premeditated use of anachronism, to de legitimise the text as being nothing more than fictitious, allowing the responder to be all too aware that it is not reality, merely a musical and theatrical montage of appropriated contexts. Moulin Rouge uses self-reflexivity by including frames in a film regarding the making a stage play. The remarks mad by the Duke, "At the end should someone die?" Also acknowledges the 'rules' of a text and acknowledges itself as an integral part of these conventions.

Correspondingly Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, composed by Tom Stoppard, is also highly self-reflective. Stoppard gives two minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet major roles. Both characters are knowingly aware of their position within the text as they discover their purpose. The outcome is predetermined through the title, however questions for a conclusive narrative are never met, and the responder is left to construe meaning.

Simulacra is another technique employed by Byatt that reflects 'post-modernism'. Simulacra is defined by Jean Baudillard as, "the present unable to progress and must continue to parallel and build upon the past." Therefore history has ended and may only evolve by repeating itself. The concept of simulacra is implored by Maud, Roland and Val. Involved in a contemporary love triangle their lives mirror that of their Victorian counterparts Christabel, Ash and Ellen. The actions and lives of Randolph Henry Ash and Christabel LaMotte become so integral that without their relationship Maud and Roland's could not exist. "Roland thought…that he and Maud were being driven by a plot or fate…not their own fate or plot but that of those other"p41.

Simulacra is a technique used also in Moulin Rouge, where characters instead of forming there own original thoughts, ideas, music and dialogue opt to express themselves through contemporary artists, such as U, and John Lennon.

Bricolage is a prominent postmodern technique used by Byatt throughout Possession, to legitimise the relationship between Ash and LaMotte. Possession contains many different literary exserts including letters, poems, fairytales and short stories. These do not detract form the plot but rather give Possession its historical/detective genre. Although very fragmented the letters allow the relationship between Ash and LaMotte a greater depth. The bricolage of texts creates intrigue, holds suspense and provides clues as part of the novel's detective genre. This is no more obvious than in the rhymes of "Tales For Innocence" in chapter five where LaMottes' rhymes give the responder a preordained idea as to the location of the love letters.

Whilst Possession reflects postmodernism, it also paradoxically challenges it. Through the acknowledgement of absolute truths, such as 'love'. The title itself works to offer a set of "Mills and Boom" principles and instantly allows the responder to recognise its foremost genre. The realisation that Maud and Roland have discovered love, an idealistic notion that holds modern ideals and challenges postmodernism. Both Maud and Roland do believe in structure and absolute truths. Even though the quote "We live in the truth of what Freud discovered…we are really free to suppose." 45, incorporates pastiche by quoting academic work of Sigmund Freud, the ideal in its simplest form is 'truth' a concept that does not exist in post-modern context. Although Maud later quotes "We never say the word love-we know it's a suspect ideological construct." Maud and Roland are ultimately forced to acknowledge an absolute truth in love for they are compelled to follow the paths of LaMotte and Ash, in a time where postmodernism and its conventions did not exist

Similarly Moulin Rouge challenges postmodernism through its acceptance of absolute truth. It upholds the absolute truths of "beauty, freedom and above all things love." The film is also has a conclusive storyline, in the same way as Possession, Moulin Rouge has a distinct ending and leaves little to interpretation.

One way in which Possession challenges postmodernism is its linear time frame, and structure. Chapter by chapter we uncover more of the mystery; characters evolve in a structured and progressive frame. Although often fragmented by use of bricolage and a hybrid of genres. The novel does have a beginning, middle and end. Byatt also includes a postscript and preface that beginning the novel with a piece from The House of Seven Gables. Therefore the romance is of a traditional sense with a conclusive resolution and a coherent storyline.

And as in a traditional detective novel all conflicts have a resolution, with the mystery

uncovered. Also evident is the Victorian realities of romance, history, science and literature a recovery of true life, and of a realism in poetry. The conventions of the Victorian era are portrayed by Byatt in Ash's Swammerdam although constructed by Byatt herself the ideology and beliefs portrayed in Swammerdamm challenge postmodernism in that they do no reflect the dominant way of thinking from which the text was actually composed.

Parody is another way Byatt challenges the dominant way of thinking. According to post modernism parody has become extinct and has been replaced by 'Black Parody'.

However through characters such as Leonora Stern, Black Adder and Cropper Byatt deliberately set out to ridicule and stereotype through characterisation and word play.

Scream is an example of a postmodern text that both reflects and challenges in similar ways. Resembling Possession, Scream is also 'self-reflective', with a plot that has no independence. Characters are compelled to follow "the rules" of a horror film. Director Wes Craven has imitated Byatt by also incorporating parody in stereo typed characters. Sidney Prescott plays the quiet high school beauty, her friend Tatum plays the role of naive pretty blonde cheer girl, who is absolutely helpless and "guaranteed to be a victim" according to geek Randy who no one listens to but has all the answers, and Gale Weathers a corny news reporter who is over eager and all too enthused. All characters are a parody of Hollywood horror film convention and like the characters in Possession set to confront the dominant way of thinking by challenging postmodernism.

The complete rejection of postmodern ideals by both Maud and Roland despite they're living in a postmodern world is another way Byatt challenges postmodernism. The negativity of postmodernism is felt by Roland and Maud who need structure and limitations, "a clean empty bed, in a clean empty room." P67. Also through the satire of Leonora Stern an American Lesbian academic. Byatt is able to de-legitimise postmodernism, as Leonora is the embodiment of over emphasised theories. Through her chiefly postmodern papers, and ideas relating to LaMotte's poetry she saturates it with ridiculous and outlandish inferences.

Overall Possession paradoxically reflects and challenges dominant ways of thinking from the era it was composed. Byatt incorporates postmodern techniques such as bricolage, pastiche and simulacra all contained within a highly self-reflective narrative. However it also though parody, structure and conflicts becoming resolved with a definitive ending to the text that Byatt is able to challenge postmodernism, an make inferences to other ideology such as Freudianism and Darwinism, that shape the 'Victorian' ways of thinking portrayed through the lives of Ash and LaMotte providing a stark contrast of ideas and set rules.

B.M Rousek.

Ben Rousek. An Essay on how Possession by A.S Byat refelcts and challenges conceptual ideals of postmodernism.

Please note that this sample paper on 3 unit English HSC Postmodernism and perscribed Texts. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on 3 unit English HSC Postmodernism and perscribed Texts., we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on 3 unit English HSC Postmodernism and perscribed Texts. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Effects of alcohol

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Persuasive Essay

Drinking should be banned from public places and should only be used at home. Why do I think this way? Alcohol usually drunk at a public place like a bar, leads to horrible disasters such as car crashes. Not only does alcohol hurt you, it puts other lives on the roads at risk. Surveys have discovered that more than fifty percent of high school seniors have drunk alcohol rather than any other drugs (Grosshandler 6). This makes alcohol one of the most popular drinks for the young teenagers. Knowing that alcohol is used the most rather than any other drugs; there may soon be an increase on drunk drivers and a decrease of sober drivers. Since the consequences are not severe enough, alcohol should just be banned from public places so that the roads will be safer. Therefore, I think alcohol should be banned from public places because it affects the driver drink home, it affects the body of the drinker and it will definitely make the roads as safe as your home.

The most obvious way alcohol affects you after drinking is the way you drive.

Alcohol loosens the muscles of a body causing your eyes to function in a different way. First of all, it affects the focus of the eye. Since the muscles that control your eyes are relaxed, your eyes will not allow the images received penetrate to your brain (Grosshandler 4). The brain, the most important organ to help you do whatever your intending to do, will not be able to see clear images since the alcohol had already relaxed the muscles. This will make your vision seem like a person who has just lost their glasses a sees nothing but blurry images. Moreover, if you try to focus, you may see doubles. Your muscles try to work while its relaxed but instead of helping you see, it makes your eyes see two things. Most car accidents happen when double vision occurs. Drunk drivers drive closer and closer to their destination but then they see doubles. Now the brain cannot decide which way to go to pass the car ahead since there is a car in front of the driver and your eyes see two cars (Grosshandler 4). Boom! Now the driver has an accident. Double vision is only one way that can lead you into a dreadful accident. Last, the alcohol affects how the drunk driver's eyes react to the headlights of another car (Grosshandler 4). When a human is sober, their pupils adjust so that it does not harm your eyes. Darkness makes the pupils grow bigger, and brightness makes the pupils smaller. When you are drunk, the pupils contract after contacting with bright lights and it takes the pupil a longer time to adjust back to normal. This contraction leaves a driver in their car driving and not being able to see for several seconds (Grosshandler 4). This is one reason alcohol should be banned from public places.

Custom Essays on Effects of alcohol

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"Analysis of a Narrative: George Orwell's "Shooting An Elephant"

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George Orwell's works are very compelling and descriptive. I have previously read the story "Animal Farm," which was also by Orwell. Seeing different works by the same author has been beneficial because I know that there is more than one way to write an interesting essay. In "Shooting An Elephant" Orwell depicts an intriguing narrative essay that motivates his readers'. In it Orwell describes how he is hated by the Burmans and Buddhist priest because he is an officer for the British Empire. One day a sub-inspector from the police station calls and tells him there is an elephant that has broken loose and is going through the village causing destruction. The trainer is too far away from the elephant, so Orwell has to think of something. After he finds the elephant he is faced with the decision on whether or not to shoot it. All the Burmans are there waiting on him to kill the elephant so they can use it as food. So finally, he gives into the pressure from the Burmans and kills it so he doesn't look like a fool. At first this essay may seem bland to some, but as the reader continues they are captivated by his conflicts, narrative points, how he relates everything back to his thesis, and his descriptive details. This is what makes Orwell's essay such a good example of a narrative.

Displayed in the essay are not only internal conflicts that Orwell deals with, but external ones as well. The first conflict introduced was man versus man. The Burmans and Buddhist priests do not like Orwell because he is a European police officer for the British Empire. This is ironic because he disliked the Burmans too. He stated "that the greatest joy in the world would be to drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest's guts" (10). This is a good example of how there can be more than one conflict within a story and within a main character. Then, the conflict man verses self came about after Orwell finds the elephant and he has to make a decision on whether or not to shoot it.

People can perceive this essay's narrative point differently because there are many good ideas illustrated. Some may be hard to find but personally, I found the narrative point easily at the beginning of the essay. Orwell states, "It was a tiny incident in itself, but it gave me a better glimpse than I had had before of the real nature of imperialism-the real motives for which despotic governments act" (10). Reader's may go over and over an essay and never find it, but if it happens to be expressed as explicitly as it is in Orwell's, there will be no difficulty in identifying it.

Evaluating Orwell's essay, it is apparent his details flow together and are consistently interesting. In the beginning he has a descriptive introduction that causes the readers' to reflect back and remember why he shoots the elephant. Throughout this essay, how the people will react and think of him is important to

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Orwell and his actions. He states that, "in every crisis he has got to do what the "natives" expect of him," (1). Again, this leads to the outcome of the remaining

paragraphs in the essay and is crucial in keeping readers attentive.

The details described in Orwell's essay are so realistic; it makes the reader feel as if they are really there. For example, when the elephant was on the rampage he killed and trampled an Indian. The words he uses to explain him were very visual and specific; it made the reader feel as if they were present. He also stated how he felt as he was looking at the Indian, which gives the essay extra meaning. He said, "Never tell me, by the way, that the dead look peaceful. Most of the corpses I have seen looked devilish" (11). This allows the reader to picture the Indian's corpse more clearly, through someone else's eyes. Also, when Orwell shot the elephant, he uses descriptive terminology to keep the reader's attention. It was not just one shot and the elephant was dead, it was a drawn out tedious task that took a while. He wrote, "I waited a long time for him to die," and "It seemed dreadful to see the great beast lying here, powerless to move and yet powerless to die, and not even be able to finish him" (1). These statements affect the reader because they are so descriptive and they take them into the story.

Overall, Orwell wrote a narrative essay that had an unusual conflict that made the readers' realize how weak humans are when their integrity is challenged. The arrangement of the essay was effective. The conflicts he wrote about were interesting and displayed his narrative point quite well. The descriptiveness

present keeps the readers' attention until the end. Once the reader starts the essay, it will be difficult to put it down before they are done with it.

Please note that this sample paper on "Analysis of a Narrative: George Orwell's "Shooting An Elephant" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "Analysis of a Narrative: George Orwell's "Shooting An Elephant", we are here to assist you. Your essay on "Analysis of a Narrative: George Orwell's "Shooting An Elephant" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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