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Dana McGary
World Civ.
Essay 1
Buddhism and Judaism
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Buddhism and Judaism were philosophical and religious revolutions occurring between 800 and 00 B.C. in or near the original river valley civilizations. Both Buddhism and Judaism were instrumental in shaping the history of the world. However, the two are very different. Judaism is a monotheistic religion. Buddhists claim that Buddhism is neither a religion nor a philosophy. It is my opinion that Buddhism is a philosophy and also fits into Webster's Dictionaries definition of a religion. While studying both philosophies (and/or religions) I came upon some interesting contrasts and comparisons.
Buddhism originated in the fifth century B.C. in India. Some argue that India's greatest contribution to world civilization was the Buddhist tradition. Buddhism traces its origins to a single figure; Siddhartha Gautama, known as "Buddha", or "Enlightened /Awakened One." Buddhist legend has it that Gautama led a sheltered life of ease as a young married prince until he reached the age of twenty-nine. He abandoned his wife and child to seek answers to life. While practicing intense yoga meditation under a papal tree, (now known as Bodh tree or "Enlightenment Tree") Gautama moved through different levels of trance. While in this trance, he realized all of his past lives, the cycle of the existence of all beings, as well as how one people can stop the karmic outflows that cause suffering. It was at this time that Gautama became the Buddha. Buddha devoted the remainder of his last life before his "release" to teaching others his Middle Path between asceticism and indulgence. This path is the core of the Buddhist faith.
Whereas Buddhism traces its origins to India, Judaism origin can be traced to the small nation of the Israelites, or Hebrews. Like Buddhism, Judaism had great impact on world civilization.
The Israelites generated the tradition of monotheism. Monotheism is the belief in a single, all-powerful God as the sole creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe. At the root of the monotheistic religion stands the figure Abraham. Jews, Christians, and Muslims, look to Abraham as the founder of their monotheistic faith. These are the three major religions that have stemmed from the Judaic philosophies.
After Abraham, Moses was another central figure in the Judaism belief in one God. His victory over the Canaanites at Mount Sinai resulted in the Israelites rejection of all other Gods. At Sinai, they received both God's holy Law (the Torah) and his promise of protection and guidance for as long as they kept these laws. Both Buddhism and Judaism have laws or a code of ethics their followers strive to keep. In the Judaic faith, these laws are know as the Ten Commandments that Moses received from God for the Israelites.
The first Commandment is You shall have no other Gods before me. The second Commandment is You shall make for yourself any graven image. The second Commandment states You shall not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain. The third Commandment states Remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy. The fourth Commandment states Honor your Father and your Mother. The fifth through tenth Commandments say You shall not kill, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness against your neighbors, and you shall not covet your neighbor's house.
The Buddhist "Middle Path", which is the core of Buddhist faith and practice, begins with realizing the Four Noble Truths 1) all life is dukka, or suffering; ) the source of suffering is desiring; () the cessation of desire is the way to end suffering; (4) the path to this end is eightfold; Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. Buddha's teaching is called dharma. The central idea of dharma is that everything in the world of existence is casually linked.
In both religions and philosophies, there are rewards to be had for following the rules, codes, or laws. In Judaism some rewards are the favor of and protection from God, and the promise of rewards in another place after life. In the Buddhist theology, there are many lives to be lived until true "Enlightenment" is reached. This refers to a humanly attainable wisdom that leads to compassion and release from the suffering of life, to a place where there is no more suffering, called nirvana.
Another religion that sprung from Buddhism is the Hindu traditions, which include teachings from Buddha, the Upanishadic philosophies, and Jain. The Upanishadic and Jain religions also originated in India. The central core of the Hindu religion seems to be based on Buddhism.
In my opinion, these two major philosophical and religious revolutions have had an enormous impact on the world. They have affected what people believe about the purpose of life and how we should live our lives. A great commonality in these teachings is that we should be compassionate, wise, and "good". The world has suffered greatly from different religious values, and yet at the same time, humanity has benefited greatly from some of these values.
Despite great differences, both Buddhism and Judaism offer feelings of belonging and hope for an improved future existence. They both offer explanations as to why we are here and how we should live our lives. The greatest difference is the worship of two different central figures God and Buddha.
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