Fed Ex

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Introduction

Federal Express achieved a great deal of success in the 170's with a pioneering approach to overnight delivery of letters and packages in the U.S.A. After several booming years of catering to customers needs, FedEx's growth in the United States slowed considerably. This was due to direct competition from United Parcel Service, and the increased popularity of the fax machine. At this time FedEx founder, Fredrick Smith began to look elsewhere for opportunities for new growth.

Problems

FedEx made more than 0 international acquisitions, including courier services and trucking operations. But strong overseas rivals, DHL Worldwide Express and TNT were becoming deep-rooted in Europe. In addition, government regulations posed a problem, resulting in a million dollar a month loss for an entire year. In 188, FedEx acquired Tiger International, the worlds biggest air heavy-cargo company, which included the Flying Tiger Line. However this acquisition brought a number of challenges

· The move more then doubled FedEx's debt

· Tiger's system was designed for slow-moving, heavy freight a sharp contrast to FedEx's high speed network

· European rivals were likely to also make global acquisitions

· FedEx stood to lose customers that had traditionally used Flying Tiger

It was clear that the European Market was much harder to crack then FedEx thought. They had a strong push from their competitors, but most importantly they overestimated the size of the market and failed to do market research on the what and how the European market would be utilizing their services.

Current Situation

S.W.O.T Analysis

Strengths

· Accomplished great success in the 170's, pioneering the service of distributing packages and letters in the United States.

· Successfully served customers for many years (170's-18, when rivals approached the market).

· The founder, Frederick Smith was very motivated and has a great desire to be the best; he has a goal to be, "the largest and best transportation company in the world" (5).

He also stated in 188 "We consider our international business to be as important as our domestic business" (5). This statement is showing his determination to be the best he can be in both markets.

· Strategically designated Flying Tiger to ship to international countries where no airport-landing restrictions existed.

· Managed to gain ability to operate in all 1 countries of the European Community, with this FedEx took advantage of reduced restrictions on surface transportation companies.

· Barge company painted FedEx's colours orange and purple on the barges

· FedEx was the first of three (DHL, UPS) to have a homepage accessible to its customers for gathering information and ordering pickups online.

Weaknesses

· FedEx found difficulty in dealing with rival competitors.

· They lacked research concerning obstacles in foreign countries and markets

a) Regulations for shipment time/weight

b) Protection of local carrier companies

c) Understated the complexity of expanding into European market

· Losses in four years totaled $1. billion which lead to firing 6600 employees and the closing of operations in 100 European cities.

· Overestimated size of market expected daily shipments to move toward US's level of million, unfortunately only reach 100,000 units per day.

Opportunities

· FedEx could research the market in other parts of the world where there is a demand for their service.

· With a competitive advantage, they could capture more market share in the existing market. They have an opportunity to stand distinct from their direct competitors.

· FedEx could obtain more overseas growth more effectively rather than develop the foreign business opportunities on its own, especially moving into Asia.

· They had to alter some parts of their operations according to the new markets needs.

Threats

· A major threat is their direct competitors DHL, TNT, and UPS as they went global as well.

· Technology became a threat in the early eighties when fax machines became a popular tool.

· Foreign government regulations

a) Japan was protected by local express carrier companies

b) Packages over 70 pounds were prohibited, even if en route to other destination

c) In result to these obstacles in Tokyo, a loss of $1 million dollars was taken

· Extreme debts of $880 million- Tiger International added to their debt and soon after increased the debt to $.1 billion.

· Tiger was designed for slow and heavy freight, opposite to the need of FedEx- fast, small packages.

· Overnight deliveries are not as popular in Europe as they are the US.

· Rivals picked up their business that they couldn't handle due to the cut back of operations in European cities.

P.E.S.T Analysis

Political

· Foreign governments in Europe and Japan had regulations concerning the weight of the packages. Packages must be less than 70 pounds to enter Japan even if en route to a destination.

Economical

· FedEx operations took over the US carrier businesses.

· Europe took a downward jump, eliminating 6600 jobs and 100 FedEx operations throughout Europe.

Social

· European cities were not as big on overnight deliveries. Their operations didn't have as great of demand as the US.

Technological

· Fax machines, email and cell phones may show to have an affect on FedEx.

With their website interaction, customers can reach them anytime, anywhere to retrieve information and make orders. Their website has many advantages such as 4 hour service and assistance as well as tracking their parcel's whereabouts.

Company Objectives

· To become the largest and best transportation company in the world.

· Consider international business to be as important as domestic business.

· Reassure Flying Tiger customers to do business with them after the acquisition.

· Seek additional growth over seas.

· Change some parts of its formula to meet the needs of its new market.

· Focus on the more lucrative small package overnight business.

Alternative Course of Action

1. Buy out all major competitors

pros

-could monopolize the industry

-could utilize the strengths that other companies have to offer

-could take over the UPS and TNT names and divide each name into a market group and offer different rates and guarantees

cons

-will be very costly

-will involve a lot of time and extensive paperwork

. Create a team of researchers to travel around the world and conduct surveys and use other methods of primary research to find out customer needs and wants

pros

-will be able to learn about cultural differences

-create awareness of the company

-learn about country laws

-learn about consumer demand and importance of freight in the communities

cons

-time consuming

-could be very costly

-results may not be essential enough for company success and will greatly increase debt

. Continue downsizing and reduce the amount of global transportation of packages to lower operational costs

pros

-less employees to pay as well as compensate for

-can compete at the same price levels as competitors to obtain greater market share

-may increase demand for global shipping and could re-enter the global market when the time is right

-concentrate more on return business

cons

-loss of a lot of consumers who rely on Fed Ex help keep their business running

-will be responsible for the unemployment of many people

-could be responsible for the bankruptcy of a foreign small business

-Fed Ex wants to be the largest and best shipping company

4. Create an edge that that no competitor can top, develop a promotional offer possibly a cross promotion with a new product that no consumer could resist

pros

-will gain market share

-won't be too expensive

-will possibly help a new product enter the market

-could help develop a larger database of one time users based on promotion

cons

-may actually deter consumers

-promotion may get beaten by competitor

-may not be a new product to promote

-may not work due to consumers brand loyalty for the competition

Recommendations

We feel that Fed Ex should consider buying out all major competitors and monopolize the industry. By doing this Fed Ex can set industry prices best suit the needs of the customers as well as their own. The competitors such as UPS, DHL and TNT all have individual strengths that no one else knows about whether it be primary research, customer data bases or large accounts. Fed Ex could utilize this information and create a corporation that is flawless and fast. They could offer royalties to the former company owners and develop a service that will reach individual markets based on individual company names. By doing this it will increase shipping productivity and possibly help the economy by providing more business transactions than ever seen before. Although time consuming and high costs of extensive paperwork, becoming one is like becoming an all-star team. All number one assets working together to be the best.

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Prayer Session Exodus 2:23-3:10

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There may have been times in your life when you cried out to God; there may have been a death in your family, serious illness or some other problem that lead you to call on God's help. Today we will look at Exodus -10, which looks at God's response to the suffering of the Israelites. Even though this was written thousands of years ago, your cry for help is the same to God as the suffering of the Israelites.

The opening part of the passage states that "the Israelites were still groaning under their slavery and cried out for help. Their cry went up to God………". The Israelites had been in Egypt for about 400 years. They were slaves and the Egyptians were killing their baby boys. They cried out to God. A God they did not know, but had heard about through stories past down from generation to generation. But does God care? Does he remember his people? Their suffering was long and lasted for many generations. When we suffer, we need to have patience. God does not always give us what he promised right away.

The passage continues "…………And God remembered his covenant with Abraham, Issac and Jacob. He saw the slavery of the Israelites and was concerned for them". The covenant God made with Abraham was a binding one. God was bound to his people because of the covenant. A covenant can be described as

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an agreement which brings about a relationship of commitment between God and his people. (New Oxford Dictionary of English).

Each party makes a promise to the other, and God promised to meet his obligations towards his people. God does not negotiate the terms of a covenant. The people could only accept or decline the offer. Most covenants include duties and responsibilities of each party. Israel however, broke the covenant with God by not keeping to the commitments they made.

God wanted to save his people and show them that he would keep his earlier promise. When he made the covenant God bound himself to Abraham and his descendants. God led them out of Egypt because he loves sinners and he made a covenant with them. He made a promise to Abraham and he kept it.

As Christians, we need to always remember that Jesus loved us, (sinners) and he died for us. We must never think that God doesn't love us or care for us. God's covenant with us today was made when Jesus died for our sins.

As the Israelites were praying in despair and crying to God, he was already answering their prayers. A man named Moses was tending the sheep of his father in law, when God decided to speak to him. Moses saw a fire in a bush, but this was no ordinary fire. When God called to Moses from the burning bush, Moses was curious. He saw that the bush was burning but not consumed. This fact showed Moses that God has absolute power over nature. This would have been a terrifying experience. I'm sure Moses would have been afraid. God is able to suspend the scientific properties of fire and can turn the laws of nature upside down. God is not bound by the laws of chemistry or physics. He created all things and is in full and total control of nature. The burning bush showed Moses that God is present and making a revelation to him. God tells Moses the divine name Yahweh, and commissions him to ask Pharoah for the release of the Hebrews. God was preparing Moses to lead the people out of Egypt to a rich and fertile land. Moses was going to learn to trust God, just as we need to trust God.

What are your sorrows? What are your pains? Whatever your sorrows and whatever your pains, you must know that

God hears you- Every word you cry out, even your unspoken thoughts.

God remembers- God remembers his promises and he is faithful to them.

God sees- He knows what has happened and what is in the future.

God knows- He knows you- your sins, your weaknesses and your

Failures. He knows his plans for you. He knows where he

will lead you, so hold on and trust in the Lord.

Lord, there is so much fear in the world. There are wars, there is hatred and division. Help us to trust in you, no matter what the future may hold.

God's reply to this prayer may be found in Jeremiah 010

" My people, do not be afraid…….. do not be terrified, I will rescue you from that distant land…………. And you will live in peace………. You will be secure and no one will make you afraid.

For this prayer session I would use the hymn " Here I am Lord"

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State of the union address

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State of the Union Address

The State of the Union Address was given January 7, 00 by President Bush. An annual address given by the president to discuss future plans and about the conditions of the nation as a whole. The two main issues at hand were economic concerns at home and foreign policy. I feel not much has been accomplished in the past year, but the President begged to differ. He opened with numerous forms of glittering generalities. It was obvious that everything he was saying was like giving Americans a "pep rally". He went from saying, "All these days of promise...we can be confident...our union is strong." President Bush made vague statements that all Americans could agree with. Next the President moved on to the accomplishments he has made. He opened with the newly found Dept. Of Homeland Security. Also how it has become effective. Then he continued to speak upon education plans and reforms that must occur. Also how Americans have been able to experience tax reliefs. As a Virginian, we have definately been able to feel tax relief, but have also been punished with closure of DMV, and massive job loss. Next Mr. President continued to make false promises, as it would appear. He began with guareenting more tax relief. Also, he made promises refering to social security, and marriage taxes. The President feels that youth who work should be able to invest in their retirement plans and own them personally. I feel that teenagers don't have the knowledge or maturity to take control of their futures in such a dramatic way. The president also wants to make affordable health for all Americans. During his speech, President Bush states what would appear as many democratic views. He goes into air and forest acts. Also goes deeply into the enviroment and his concerns. Continues on with education and what must occur. Along with that, he went into social security reforms. I thought that the majority of the speech was false promises and glittering generalities, basically what all Americans want to hear. The only good part was discussions on Iraq and what needs to occur. He discussed how Iraq was a threat to the world and something needs to be done. The President gave a good speech, but at the same time, he appeared to be a lost puppy at the podiuom. He looked very uneasy at many of the applauses, and it seemed as though a third of the speech was just people clapping.

Please note that this sample paper on state of the union address is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on state of the union address, we are here to assist you. Your essay on state of the union address will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Lying

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What do the scholars say about lying?

The New Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a lie as an untrue statement with intent to deceive (18). Lying is the act of telling a lie, and is defined by the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology as "intentionally (trying) to mislead someone" (DePaulo et. al, 18 p. 6). Lying is by definition an inauthentic communication; as such cannot serve the need for genuine relatedness (DePaulo, et. al., 18). Furthermore, it violates the openness and authenticity that people value in their close relationships. In addition, social interactions where lies were told were found to be less pleasant and less intimate than those in which no lies were told (DePaulo et. al., 16).

In "Lying in Everyday Life," authors argue that lying is often seen and or described as a selfish act, and that lies are often told to benefit the self rather than benefit others. They conclude that people lie to get jobs, promotions, raises, good grades, and better commissions. In support of that, lies are also told in order to gain psychological rewards such as esteem, affection, and respect. Some social interaction theorists believe that lies of everyday life are told to avoid tension and conflict and to minimize hurt feelings and ill will. They also believe that when people lie about their feelings, preferences and opinions, they are likely to receive a positive response rather than a negative one.

Lying is a part of social life. Surprisingly, day-to-day lying is of minor cognitive or emotional significance to the liars themselves, even though in general, lying is somewhat of a condemned behavior in western society. In a study conducted by DePaulo and Kashy people reported telling one lie in every five of their social interactions, and college students reported telling three lies per interaction (18). "In both groups, the participants were about twice as likely to tell lies that benefited themselves in some ways (self-centered lies) than to tell lies that benefited others (other-oriented, or altruistic, lies)" (DePaulo et. al., 18 p.6).

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However, even though lying has become a common part of life, which most have come to accept, Sissela Bok notes that lying (deceit) is a form of deliberate assault on human beings, which can coerce people into acting against their will (1). She argues that lying distorts information and our situation as we perceive it, as well as our choices. Bok quotes Hartmann in that a lie "injures the deceived person in his life; it leads him astray" (1, p.1). According to Bok, lying (deceit) takes on two different perspectives (1) the perspective of the deceived, and () the perspective of the liar (1).

The perspective of the deceived is that following the deceit they are left with feelings of resentment, disappointment, suspicion, and left wary of all deception. It is shared by all those who feel the consequences of a lie; whether or not they are themselves lied to. Bok uses the following example "When, for instance, the American public and world opinion were falsely led to believe that bombing in Cambodia had not begun, the Cambodians themselves bore the heaviest consequences, though they can hardly be said to have been deceived about the bombing itself" (1, p.1). Bok believes that lying requires a reason, while truth-telling does not, and reasons must be produced to show why a particular lie is not mean and culpable (1). In contrast, the perspective of the liar takes on a different twist from the latter. Oddly enough, liars do not like to be deceived as don't their counterparts. It is okay for them to lie, but insistent that others practice honesty. Bok calls this a "free-rider" status, having the benefits of lying without the risks of being lied to (1). Liars use this "free-rider" status as an excuse to lie. It is often clear to people how lying can affect those who have been lied to, but often fail to understand that lying also affects the liar. If the liar is found out, his credibility and respect are damaged.

Moreover, lying has some of the same components as secret keeping. A secret is something that is kept intentionally hidden, set apart in the mind of its keeper as requiring concealment (Bok, 18). Psychology Today examined secret keeping and said that it is more difficult to keep secrets than imagined. People must constantly monitor what they do and say, especially in the presence of those from whom they are keeping the secret. Secrecy also requires the suppression of thoughts about that secret. All of the work and effort involved in keeping secrets can take a biological toll. A study showed that the greater the concealment, the higher the rates of disease and death (Anderson, 00).

The Ethics of Lying…

The question in debate is whether or not one should lie. Is lying right or wrong? Is lying acceptable in certain situations? Immanuel Kant argues that lying is morally wrong. According to the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, Kant also argues that "all persons are born with an intrinsic worth that he called human dignity. This dignity derives from the fact that humans are uniquely rational agents, capable of freely making their own decisions, setting their own goals, and guiding their conduct by reason. To be human, said Kant, is to have the rational power of free choice; to be ethical, he continued, is to respect that power in oneself and others" (Mazur, 1 p.1).

Mazur notes that lying is morally wrong for two reasons (1) lying corrupts the most important quality of being human the ability to make free, rational choices, () lying robs others of their freedom to choose rationally. When lying leads people to decide other than they would had they known the truth, their human dignity and autonomy have been harmed. Furthermore, Kant believed that to value ourselves and others as ends instead of means, we have perfect duties to avoid damaging, interfering with, or misusing the ability to make free decisions (1).

However, utilitarians base their reasoning on the claim that actions, including lying, are morally acceptable when the resulting consequences maximize benefit or minimize harm. A lie is not always immoral. When lying is necessary to maximize benefit or minimize harm, it may be immoral not to lie. In addition, altruistic or noble lies, which specifically intend to benefit someone else, can also be considered morally acceptable (1). Mazur provides a good example of this, "Picture the doctor telling her depressed patient that there is a 50 percent probability that he will recover, when in truth all tests confirm the man has only six months to live. The doctor knows from years of experience that, if she told this type of patient the truth, he would probably fall deeper into depression or possibly commit suicide. With the hope of recovery, though, he will most likely cherish his remaining time" (1 p.1).

Why I believe this is an important issue…

I think that lying is a very important issue which should always be addressed seriously. Lying takes place everyday, by all kinds of people, especially successful ones. It has become habit to some, and second nature to others. Just like with anything there are always two sides of a coin, or better yet, two sides of a story. However, from my perspective lying is an immoral behavior which should not be condoned, unless the justification exceeds the means. People often don't realize the severity of a little white lie and how many little white lies can turn into a perpetual cycle of lying affecting the liar and the ones lied to. Moreover, it could forever damage relationships, careers, and reputations. Lying is probably one of the biggest ethical dilemmas which currently exist. So the question still stands "to lie or not to lie?" my answer is this, "it depends."

Conclusion

From Kant to Bok there are a number of ways one could analyze the dynamics and moral stances of lying. All agree that lying is making an untrue statement with the intent to mislead. There is not a single way to look at the issue of lying. Some believe that doing the right thing means not lying ever, despite valid justifications possibly involving one's life. Others believe that it is okay to lie given sound reasoning, or for the better good of people. There is a happy medium, which is the position I choose to take on the issue. I agree with both the Kantian view as well as the Utilitarian view…it just depends on the situation.

References

Anderson, N. (00). Secrets and Lies. Psychology Today, 6 (), 60-65.

Bok, S. (1). Lying. New York, NY Vintage Books.

Bok, S. (18). Secrets. New York, NY Vintage Books.

Cooper, H., Charlton, K., DePaulo, B., Lindsay, J., Malone, B., & Muhlenbruck, L. (00). Cues to Deception. Psychological Bulletin, 1 (1), 74-118.

DePaulo, B., & Kashy, D. (18). Everyday Lies in Close and Casual Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74 (1), 6-7.

DePaulo, B., Epstein, J., Kashy, D., Kirkendol, S., & Wyer, M. (16). Lying in Everyday Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70 (5), 7-5.

Mazur, T. (1). Lying. Issues in Ethics, 6 (1), 1.

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Writing Good Reports

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Why it is important to you to be able to write good reports?

Writing business documents is more than putting words on paper. It is a final stage in the complex process of communicating that begins with thinking.

It is very important to me to be able to write good reports because in my opinion academicians and business people view writing skills as very crucial. Writing skills can be the ticket to a better job and successful career. In a labor force full of ordinary writers, someone who writes well and knows how to write business reports is bound to stand out and succeed.

I believe that creating written documents reveals my business skills and my personality. My writing tells the reader about my educational background, pride in my work, and business expertise. The emergence of the paperless office, e-mail, the Internet and web pages only increases the power of the written word. Any company with employees who can write clear and concise reports has a competitive edge over others who are still struggling to communicate.

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In this day of computers with spell and grammar check, it is so easy to let business writing skills lapse. However, by taking business writing classes each student should take advantage of learning how to write business reports so the reader can get as much of the information from reports as possible. In addition, writing reports helps to keep writing simple and current.

Reports play a major role among written communications. In addition, reports are vital in today's business operations; therefore, knowing how to write reports for our executives is very crucial because in a business environment communication often needs to be done in writing.

Does a person who conducts a one-person business need to know how to write a report for business purposes? A 10-person business? Fifty? One hundred?

In my opinion, every person should know how to write reports regardless of a company size. In fact, it is unlikely that any modern organization of size could function without using reports. Almost all organizations use them businesses, government agencies, civic groups. Thus, the ability to write good reports and other business papers is pre-requisite to the business and personal advancement either if person conducts a one-person business, 10-person business or over one hundred. In any business, there is always a need to write reports that present current facts and business purposes.

Please note that this sample paper on Writing Good Reports is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Writing Good Reports, we are here to assist you. Your essay on Writing Good Reports will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The enemy outside and within

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In the old English epic, Beowulf, a pattern is begun of making monsters out to be outsiders, witnessed through the descriptions, attitudes, and actions of the fiend Grendel and his horrific Mother. In this and many other stories throughout ancient times, the antagonistic monsters have been the focus for the problems within society, causing any number of woes for the people. However, although the troubles the monsters cause occur within Human society, the monsters themselves, especially within Beowulf, are quite often distanced and set apart in numerous ways from the peoples whom they plague, including physically, mentally, emotionally, symbolically, and oftentimes ideologically as well. There exists, however, a paradoxical symbolism within the epic's framework concerning this beast and his mother in which they serve as examples of the negative aspects of the Germanic society in which the story originated. Therefore, while they are still placed outside of the boundaries of Human civilization, they are, at the same time, a part of it as they represent the evils of the culture whose imagination spawned them.

From the moment he appears in the story, Grendel is an outcast in every conceivable manner. He is described as a monster, a powerful demon (ln. 86), and a fiend out of hell (ln.100). His form, although vaguely humanoid, is hideous and deformed with fiery eyes where "flame, more then light, flared from" (ln. 727). Grendel has swift, hard, and "open claws" (ln. 747), and enormous teeth that snatch the life out of his victims, which are numerous. This "shadow stalker, stealthy and swift" (ln. 703) doesn't stop at killing, but also eats of the flesh and drinks the blood of his prey. "He bit into his bone-lappings, bolted down his blood/and gorged on him in lumps" (ln741-742). Not only is Grendel set apart from humanity by his grotesque appearance and monstrous actions, but by his bestial mindset which renders him "malignant by nature" (ln.137). His mind is filled with an omnipresent rage and bloodlust which seem to permeate his every thought, being "flushed up and inflamed from the raids" (ln. 124) and "his rage boiled over…ever maddening for blood" (ln. 723-724). At the same time he lacks all the decencies and compassion which one would believe crucial to defining humanity itself, being described as "insensible to pain/ and human sorrow" (ln.119-120). Yet another vital way in which this creature is alienated from the society is through his ancestral ties. He is a descendant of Cain, having been,"...spawned in that slime, conceived of Cain/ murderous creatures banished By God..." (106-107), and therefore, by definition, is an outcast of society, doomed to roam in the shadows, always from the outside looking in. His whole existence, coming from one of the original sins, is grounded in the moral perversion to hate good simply because it is good. "Because the Almighty had made him anathema/and out of the curse of his (Cain's) exile there sprang ogres and elves and evil phantoms…who strove with God time and time again until he gave them his reward" (ln. 110-114). Unlike the rest of humanity, Grendel is an enemy of God and can therefore not know God's great love. As it states of Grendel, "he was the Lord's outcast" (ln. 169) he was ever "God-cursed" (ln. 121).

In addition, Grendel's Mother, like her damned progeny if not even more so, is portrayed as alien to all which is familiar and decent in the world of man. Since she is also a spawn of the line of Cain, "she had been forced down into fearful wasters/the cold depths, after Cain had killed his father's son" (ln. 1260-1262), she shares his dark roots and abandonment from the light of both God and humanity, as well as his vicious nature. She, however, is not even given a name or a proper description, an identifier of any kind by which to know her. She remains an amorphous phantom, "that female horror/monstrous hell-bride" (ln.1259-1260), a shape outside of human comprehension. Furthermore, whereas Grendel lived just on the outskirts of civilization in the fens, his mother dwelled in a land of almost surrealistic horror, estranged from anything recognizable as even remotely natural, a cold murky lake in a desolate landscape which is populated by strange beasts and "where the water burns" (ln.1366). For Grendel's Mother, even the natural laws of Human reproduction and love hold no sway, for Grendel is fatherless and has been created abnormally by his mother alone.

Despite all of their apparent separation from the Human race, however, Grendel and his Mother serve as a deeper metaphor for the evils of the very society which they plague. Below the surface, the two beasts actually have several important factors in common with the people, both in the text and in the actual Germanic society as it is known by historians. First, in Grendel's actions and ever-present blood rage, one finds a symbol for the ever-present violence of mankind, his rage and wrath, which raged particularly strong during the Medieval and pre-Medieval ages as evidenced in the tale by the many stories of death, murder, and war which are shared by both the narration and partakers of the feasts of Heorot . Grendel therefore, although hulking, brutish, and bestial, carries the general shape of a humanoid, of man. Although he comes "greedily loping" (ln. 711) from the moors, he also strides on two legs into Heorot where he fights Beowulf. Though he is almost always monstrous and full of killing intent, he also experiences very human emotions and sensations which serve to heighten his connection to the human culture and illustrate his position as a symbol of its violent dark half, much in the same way that Hyde served as the dark representation of the cultured Jeckyll. He is usually angry, finds enjoyment in what he does, experiences fear near the instant of his defeat, and, perhaps most of all, he endures a blinding jealousy of the Danes, their happiness, and their love and connection to the God who has exiled him from his ways. "It harrowed him to hear the din of the loud banquet every day in the hall, the harp being struck and the clear song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of man's beginnings" (ln. 87-91). This indicates that behind his jealousy and rage was the urge to be accepted into both the joy of the society of men and into the grace of God, for it is these things of which he envious. These longings, for cultural and religious acceptance, were echoed by the people of the time, and were the backbone of the society, causing, by chance and purpose the great amounts of violence and war which were prevalent in Germanic society. Perhaps most important of all is the fact that Grendel is defeated in battle as a result of a human trait, hubris. Since he is so proud and sure of his magical protection from weapons, as well as his own strength, he continues to battle without protection or aid of fighting implements and thus believes himself to be invincible. Thus Beowulf, reading this human in Grendel, is able to defeat the fiend with the one trait which the monster shares with this champion of humanity: great brute strength. This is yet one more connection, since both the best of humans and the worst of monsters have their most powerful aspects in common. Grendel's Mother serves as a symbol of the Germanic society's and people's policies of never-ending vengeance and brutal repercussion which resulted in numerous feuds between different peoples and families. Her ties to humanity spring from her representation of one of mankind's most cherished of figures, the Mother. It is her apparent caring and perhaps even love for her son, hatred of those who have slain him, and a desire for revenge, all human traits, which personify her behavior. Taking it a step further, one finds ironically that her actions of vengeance upon Hrothgar's aide, Aeschere, not only aren't considered evil by the Germanic society as historians and the text are understood, but are looked upon as morally just and right in her cause. Therefore, even a monster is able to abide by the tenets of the human system, showing, through symbolism, its inherent weakness and faults.

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And so, as one can see from analyzing the two antagonists from Beowulf, monsters can be both outside threats to the societies which they torment, and inner representations of those society's evils or faults. Whether these failings are physical, metaphysical, behavioral, ideological, or theological in nature depends on the monster in question, as many such beasts have existed throughout the annals of written and spoken literature in many shapes and forms. However, just as there are always monsters which plague society, there are also great heroes which arise to conquer them and their foul deeds. Following the symbolic example set by Beowulf, one can come to understand that, as civilization perseveres, its demons, or faults, can be overcome and defeated, leading to a better world and society in the days to come.

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Antigone

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The Greek Tragedy of "Antigone"

"Antigone," by Sophocles, is seen as a tragedy because neither of the tragic heroes are good or bad, and both Creon and Antigone could be heroes. Both their fortunes change from good to bad, their suffering and misfortunes result from their wrong doings, and their tragic flaws arouse pity from the reader. In the play "Antigone," the reader can see a struggle between two forces. One is god's law and the other is man's law. Antigone was a woman who strongly believed in god's law and opposed the king, Creon, who believed in man's law. Antigone disobeyed Creon's law, about burying Polynices, because she felt it to be her duty to the gods to burry the dead. This is a greek tragedy where a protagonists tragic flaw leads to the suffering of people, and the change of fortunes from good to bad.

Although both Creon and Antigone suffer in the play, Creon is the tragic hero. Creon was a king with a flaw. He made the mistake of not listening to other people. One of Creon's main weaknesses was his pride. He always believed that he was right and everyone around him was wrong. When Creon's son, Haemon, came to him and asked him to listen to other people, Creon only looked at him and said, "...Am I supposed to learn from a boy ?...". Creon was like a stubborn tree unwilling to bend during the flood. And just like a stubborn tree he paid the price for his pride. Creon felt that if he would allow a woman to go unpunished for disobeying his laws, people would think of him as a wimp and a poor ruler. Being either afraid or obediant to the gods, Creon decided not to kill Antigone himself. He ordered his guards to lock her in a cave.

Creon's fortune changes from good to bad. He was good because he was king and everything seemed to be going well until Creon gets lost in his pride, which is when everything takes a turn for the worse. In the beginning of the play Creon decided not to bury the body of his dead nephew Polynices. He proclaimed throughout his city that whoever buries Polyneices will be stoned to death. Creon hoped that by making such a threat he would stop any disagreements and would establish peace in Thebes, but he was wrong. Antigone decided to bury Polynices, because she felt that Polynices' soul didn't deserve an eternity of suffering and the gods want the body to rest in peace. Unfortunately she was caught while performing the burial for her brother and brought to the king. Creon, even though Antigone was part of his family, sentenced her to death. He thought that then it would be the decision of the gods whether she dies or lives and that is when he sent Antigone to die in the cave. Creon did not realize that he had already angered the gods by not burying Polynices' body. Soon after that, a blind prophet, named Teiresias, came to the Creon's palace to warn him about the danger that awaits Creon. Teiresias told him that the gods were angry at Creon, and he should not fight with a dead corpse. Teiresias also told Creon that the only crime is pride, but Creon still refused to yield to his pride. Later in the play he realized that Teiresias might have been right. Creon said to Choragos, "Oh it is hard to give in! But it is worse to risk everything for stubborn pride."

It was too late for Creon to save himself before all the suffering occurs. By the time Creon buried Polynices, Antigone hanged herself. Later Haemon, Creon's son, stabbed himself in his grief for Antigone. When Creon came back to his palace broken hearted, he found out that his wife, Euridice, also had killed herself. So Creon ended up a very unhappy man. Creon was not extremely good or bad, but he maintained a tragic flaw or pride; in most cases, pride would not be considered a horrible trait, but Creon had too much pride, which is why it is called a tragic flaw. Even though Creon did not physically die in the play, he died spiritually and mentally. Almost all of his family members died, and he was responsible for their deaths. Creon said, "Lead me away. I have been rash and foolish. I have killed my son and my wife. I look for comfort; my comfort lies here dead. Whatever my hands have touched has come to nothing. Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust." Creon had nothing to live for anymore, and he had no one else to blame for it but himself. Had he not been so proud and power hungry none of the above would have happened. This is when the audience pities Creon the most because most of his family is now dead, and he has to live with that until his death. This tragedy includes a protagonists tragic flaw leads to the suffering of people, and the change of fortunes from good to bad.

Please note that this sample paper on Antigone is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Antigone, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Antigone will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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